Methods
How we build and check the analysis
We rebuild each asset account from its own records, check it against independent data and label every figure as reported, calculated or assumed.
Step 1
1. Reconstruct the asset
We rebuild the asset from regulatory filings, licences and company disclosures: its energy use, fuel, emissions, production and costs, and who owns and operates each part.
Step 2
2. Test it against independent data
We compare the result with an independently assembled account, such as national energy statistics, a pollutant inventory or trade data. We investigate and report any material difference.
Step 3
3. Separate reported, calculated and assumed values
4. Record uncertainty and missing information
Public sources do not provide every input. Where only the owner or another project party can confirm a figure, we label any estimate as an assumption.
| Not available | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Interval load curve | Detailed system sizing and pricing require it |
| Peak demand | Determines connection and equipment, not average load |
| Unit run hours and standby strategy | Separates a continuous plant from a backup set |
| Contract price and volume terms | Shows how savings are shared and whether the commercial structure is workable |
The result may be to proceed, redesign, obtain more data or stop.
The records
One linked account per asset
Questions about policy, investment, assets and energy often depend on the same underlying information. A facility belongs to a company, uses energy, reports emissions, operates under approvals and may host one or more projects. We link those records so that each analysis starts from a consistent account of the asset.
Linking the records shows who owns the asset, which approvals apply and how its energy and emissions figures relate. We cite the source for each link and rate its reliability.
Framework diagrams
Framework diagrams
The framework diagrams sit inside the pages that use them rather than in a gallery.
| Mining hybrid-energy development process | Pre-DD F1–F4 methodology |
| Path to financial close | Battery project readiness series |
| Who does what in a BESS project | Review hybrid assets as one system |
| Remote mine power architecture | Screening energy options for weak-grid and off-grid mines |
| Industrial PV+BESS stakeholder map | From customer savings to financeable project cash flow |
Consultation submissions
How submissions are prepared
We make a submission where the public record can answer a specific question a consultation asks:
- Which facilities or sectors a proposed rule change would reach, and by how much.
- Whether a stated national or sectoral quantity can be reproduced from the bottom up.
- Which facilities a policy mechanism would affect.
- What public data shows about a sector or group of facilities.
Legal interpretation, positions advocating a commercial outcome, and questions that need confidential operator data are out of scope.
Every published submission records the question examined, the evidence used, the findings, the recommendations and what remains unresolved, followed by sources, the PDF and related research. Where a published figure cannot be reproduced, the difference is stated. Heliovulcan makes submissions on its own behalf. The agencies and committees named on this site do not appoint or endorse us. Published submissions →
Detailed methodologies
Detailed methodologies
Pre-DD F1–F4
Claim types, confidence and boundaries for a project screen.
Read → ProjectsA Pre-DD screen is not a feasibility study
What the early screen produces, and how it differs from a feasibility study of a chosen design.
Read → CBAMEU CBAM exposure
Sources and licences, four checks that can be rerun, what is deliberately not published, and dated corrections.
Read → Safeguard AtlasSources, method and limitations
The facility-level Safeguard model, its inputs and its verification against the 2026 submission.
Read →